Erectile dysfunction as manifestation of endothelial changes in coronary artery disease patients
By academic.oup.com
The study was aimed at examining the relationship between endothelial and erectile dysfunctions (ED) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
Material: The study included 184 males with stable CAD at the age of 55.8±5.3 years. The erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, version 5 (IIEF-5). Clinical assessment included postcompression tests of the brachial and cavernous arteries. Postcompression tests were done using the ALOKA ProSound SSD-α10 ultrasound machine (Japan).
Results: According to the IIEF-5 questionnaire all the patients were divided into two groups: with erectile dysfunction (127 patients) and with preserved erectile function (57 patients). The assessment of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMVD) of the brachial artery after reactive hyperemia showed that the blood flow velocity and the diameter of the brachial artery were similar in the groups.
The increase in the blood flow velocity during reactive hyperemia caused a 6% increase in the brachial artery diameter in patients with preserved erectile function while the erectile dysfunction-CAD group had only 3% increase. Mean FMVD of the brachial artery was 6.4±3.5% in patients with preserved erectile function, 1.4-fold higher than in those with erectile dysfunction (p=0.03).
The diameter of the cavernous artery increased, on average, by 28% as a response to reactive hyperemia in no ED group while the ED group had a 16% increase (p=0.02). The percent of cavernous artery diameter increase was twice as high in the no-ED group than in the ED group. Then FMVD was assessed in relation to the severity of ED. Patients with more severe ED had a more pronounced endothelial dysfunction as compared to those with mild ED. This manifested in significantly lower FMVD of the brachial artery (2.36±1.92 and 6.58±2.7% respectively, p=0.0001) and lower percent of cavernous artery diameter increase after reactive hyperemia (4.64±2.56 and 35.99±6.39% respectively, p=0.0001).
Conclusion: This study suggests the presence of impaired endothelial vasoregulation, which is a manifestation of more pronounced endothelial function impairment in males with CAD and ED.
Source: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/34/suppl_1/2779/2861328/Erectile-dysfunction-as-manifestation-of
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Friday, May 8, 2026
Understanding Atarax Price and Generic Options
Cost considerations often influence the choice between brand-name Atarax and generic hydroxyzine formulations. For a focused medication summary and information relevant to pricing and alternatives, see Atarax price. That page helps clarify formulations and how to compare products. Generic hydroxyzine typically contains the same active ingredient and is approved under bioequivalence standards, which means the clinical effect should be similar for equivalent doses. Price differences depend on retailer, formulation, and whether discounts or coupon programs apply. Comparing unit prices (cost per pill) and checking for available coupons or pharmacist discounts can reduce out-of-pocket cost. Insurance coverage affects copays and final cost. Some plans prefer generics and apply lower copays, while others may cover brand products under specific conditions. If cost is a concern, ask your pharmacist about generic options and whether a different strength or package size yields better value. Beyond price, consider adherence: a formulation that supports consistent use may lead to better symptom control even if unit cost is slightly higher. When switching between brand and generic, check the active ingredient and strength to ensure consistent dosing, and document any change in symptom control to discuss with your clinician. For general guidance on allergy management that can impact long-term costs, see the category page: https://lucasclinic.com/allergies/. Consult your pharmacist for specific price comparisons and tailored cost-saving strategies. Progress note for file 2176540 round 1: treatment outcomes improve when patients keep timing steady, report side effects early, and bring current medicine lists to follow-up visits. Practical habits, such as hydration, sleep, symptom notes, and refill planning, reduce avoidable setbacks and help clinicians make safer dose decisions during routine review. Quality extension for file 2176540 round 2: safe medicine use depends on consistency over intensity. Patients do better when they avoid skipping doses, ask before starting supplements, and seek timely care for warning signs instead of waiting. Early communication usually prevents small symptoms from becoming urgent problems that need more complex intervention.
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